Dampak Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Niat Wirausaha Mahasiswa dengan Pendekatan Model TPB
Abstract
Abstract- This study is to see the impact of entrepreneurship education provided through entrepreneurship courses on entrepreneurial intentions among students in Karawang-West Java. The research model was adopted from Theory Planned Behavior (TPB). The theory of planned behavior includes independent variables, namely attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control. While the dependent variable, entrepreneurial intention is used. Questionnaires were distributed via google form to students who have taken entrepreneurship courses, as many as 115 samples were obtained, and 100 samples that met the criteria were used for processing. Research analysis using SEM PLS found that subjective norms and behavioral control did not affect the intention to entrepreneurship, only attitude that had a significant effect on the intention to entrepreneurship in students. These results prove in the sample taken that the attitude of students more causes entrepreneurial intention, how they are interested in seeing business opportunities, have a positive view of things and always dare to take any risks that come. This finding is expected to change the education plan for entrepreneurship courses, which are expected to include elements to increase interest, think positively, and be optimistic to generate intentions to become an entrepreneur.
Abstrak– Penelitian ini untuk melihat dampak pendidikan kewirausahaan yang diberikan melalui mata kuliah kewirausahaan terhadap niat wirausaha di kalangan mahasiswa di kota Karawang-Jawa Barat. Model penelitian diadopsi dari Theory Planned Behavior (TPB). Aplikasi theory of planned behavior yang meliputi variabel bebas yaitu sikap, norma subyektif dan kontrol perilaku. Sedamngkan variabel terikat, digunakan niat berwirausaha. Kuesioner disebar melalui google form kepada mahasiswa yang sudah menempuh mata kuliah kewirausahaan, sebanyak 115 sample didapatkan, dan digunakan 100 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk diolah. Analisis Penelitian dengan menggunakan SEM PLS, ditemukan bahwa norma subjective dan kontrol perilaku tidak mempengaruhi niat untuk berwirausaha, hanya sikap yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niat untuk berwirausaha pada mahasiswa. Hasil ini membuktikan pada sampel yang diambil bahwa niat wirausaha lebih disebabkan pada sikap dari mahasiswa , bagaimana mereka tertarik untuk melihat adanya peluang usaha, berpandangan positif terhadap sesuatu dan selalu berani mengambil resiko apapun yang datang. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat merubah rencana pendidikan mata kuliah kewirausahaan yang diharapkan juga dapat memasukkan unsur untuk meningkatkan rasa tertarik, berfikir secara positif dan bersikap optimis yang dapat membangkitkan niat untuk menjadi seorang wirausaha.
Downloads
References
Badan Pusat Statistik, “Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk (Persen), 2021,” www.bps.go.id, 2021. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1976/1/laju-pertumbuhan-penduduk.html (accessed Jun. 02, 2021).
Badan Pusat Statistik, “Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020,” www.bps.go.id, 2020. .
U. Indonesia, “Pemilihan Wirausaha Muda dan Penggerak Wirausaha Berprestasi,” ukmindonesia.id, 2019. .
I. Al-Jubari, A. Hassan, and F. Liñán, “Entrepreneurial intention among University students in Malaysia: integrating self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior,” Int. Entrep. Manag. J., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1323–1342, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11365-018-0529-0.
D. Maresch, R. Harms, N. Kailer, and B. Wimmer-Wurm, “The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of students in science and engineering versus business studies university programs,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 104, pp. 172–179, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.006.
M. Küttim, M. Kallaste, U. Venesaar, and A. Kiis, “Entrepreneurship Education at University Level and Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions,” Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 110, pp. 658–668, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.910.
N. Indarti, “Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Indonesian Students,” Factors Affect. Entrep. Intentions Among Indones. Students, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 57–70, 2015, doi: 10.22146/jieb.6585.
W. Nowiński, M. Y. Haddoud, D. Lančarič, D. Egerová, and C. Czeglédi, “The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries,” Stud. High. Educ., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 361–379, 2019, doi: 10.1080/03075079.2017.1365359.
H. W. Hattab, “Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Egypt,” J. Entrep., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2014, doi: 10.1177/0971355713513346.
V. Barba-Sánchez and C. Atienza-Sahuquillo, “Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students: The role of entrepreneurship education,” Eur. Res. Manag. Bus. Econ., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 53–61, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.04.001.
R. K. Jena, “Measuring the impact of business management Student’s attitude towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study,” Comput. Human Behav., vol. 107, no. December 2018, p. 106275, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106275.
Z. Y. Ren, P. Li, and Y. X. Li, “The relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention,” Int. Conf. Manag. Sci. Eng. - Annu. Conf. Proc., vol. 2018-Augus, pp. 517–522, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICMSE.2018.8744855.
K. Amofah, R. Saladrigues, and E. K. Akwaa-Sekyi, “Entrepreneurial intentions among MBA students,” Cogent Bus. Manag., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 0–23, 2020, doi: 10.1080/23311975.2020.1832401.
G. Genoveva, “the Influence of Entrepreneurial Culture on Entrepreneurial Intention Among Business Students,” Firm J. Manag. Stud., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 40, 2019, doi: 10.33021/firm.v4i1.682.
F. F. Budi, “Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Dalam Menumbuhkan Minat Berwirausaha,” J. Pengabdi. dan Kewirausahaan, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 7, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-.
B. Bird, “Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention,” Acad. Manag. Rev., vol. 13, no. 3, p. 442, 1988, doi: 10.2307/258091.
S. H. Lee and P. K. Wong, “An exploratory study of technopreneurial intentions: A career anchor perspective,” J. Bus. Ventur., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 7–28, 2004, doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00112-X.
F. Liñán, “Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education,” Piccola Impresa / Small Bus., vol. 2004, no. 3, pp. 11–35, 2004.
T. O. Kowang, S. Z. B. A. Apandi, O. C. Hee, G. C. Fei, M. S. I. Saadon, and M. R. Othman, “Undergraduates entrepreneurial intention: Holistic determinants matter,” Int. J. Eval. Res. Educ., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 57–64, 2021, doi: 10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20733.
D. Awalludin, F. Effendy, R. Hurriyati, D. Disman, and M. Adib, “Study of Entrepreneurial Intentions Among University Students : Bibliometrics Analysis,” 2021.
E. Deri, I. Santika, and I. Giantari, “Niat Berwirausaha Dikalangan Mahasiswa (Studi:Mahasiswa Program Reguler Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana),” None, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 246607, 2016.
Y. Chrismardani, “Theory Of Planned Behavior Sebagai Prediktor Intensi Berwirausaha,” Kompetensi Vol.10 No.1, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 550–562, 2016, [Online]. Available: http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/3031618.
A. W. Wijayanti and G. A. Putri, “Model Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) untuk Memprediksi Niat Mahasiswa Melakukan Kecurangan Akademik,” J. Manaj. dan Kewirausahaan, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 189–197, 2016.
J. C. Sánchez, “University training for entrepreneurial competencies: Its impact on intention of venture creation,” Int. Entrep. Manag. J., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 239–254, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s11365-010-0156-x.
G. Nabi, R. Holden, and A. Walmsley, “Entrepreneurial intentions among students: Towards a re-focused research agenda,” J. Small Bus. Enterp. Dev., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 537–551, 2010, doi: 10.1108/14626001011088714.
M. Radzi et al., “Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students.,” Am. J. Bus. Educ., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1–9, 2013.
S. N. A. Ambad and D. H. D. A. Damit, “Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia,” Procedia Econ. Financ., vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 108–114, 2016, doi: 10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30100-9.
D. Purwana, “Determinant Factors of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: a Comparative Study,” Din. Pendidik., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2018, doi: 10.15294/dp.v13i1.12971.
F. Liñán, D. Urbano, and M. Guerrero, Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain, vol. 23, no. 3–4. 2011.
P. Zhang, D. D. Wang, and C. L. Owen, “A study of entrepreneurial intention of university students,” Entrep. Res. J., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 61–82, 2015, doi: 10.1515/erj-2014-0004.
